Anatomy of an Earthquake

Deep underground, a fault that has been
storing strain suddenly ruptures, releasing stresses like a spring uncoiling. This pumps seismic waves into the surrounding rocks.

EARTHQUAKE!

The waves travel outward in all directions from the quake's focus

Two kinds of waves are shown: P-waves, or primary waves, and S-waves, or secondary waves. Primary waves travel faster, often arriving several minutes before the S-waves. P-waves can travel through the Earth's molten outer core, but S-waves cannot.

After twenty minutes, all of the P and S waves have traveled completely around the world. However, since seismic waves weaken with increasing distance, people on the other side of the Earth do not feel the ground shaking!

Animations courtesy of PBS - Savage Earth